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"Studies of American Fungi: Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc." by George Francis Atkinson is a scientific publication written in the early 20th century. The book serves as a comprehensive guide on various species of fungi found in the United States, with a focus on identifying edible and poisonous mushrooms. Atkinson aims to educate readers on the characteristics of these plants to promote safe foraging and culinary use. The opening portion establishes the purpose of the work by discussing the demand for a more extensive documentation of American fungi since the earlier bulletins issued by the author. It describes the careful selection of illustrations and detailed descriptions meant to help readers distinguish between different species. Atkinson addresses common misconceptions about mushrooms and toadstools and emphasizes the importance of careful observation to identify edible varieties while avoiding toxic ones. He outlines the main features of mushrooms, including their anatomy,

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Since the issue of my "Studies and Illustrations of Mushrooms," as
Bulletins 138 and 168 of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment
Station, there have been so many inquiries for them and for literature
dealing with a larger number of species, it seemed desirable to publish
in book form a selection from the number of illustrations of these
plants which I have accumulated during the past six or seven years. The
selection has been made of those species representing the more important
genera, and also for the purpose of illustrating, as far as possible,
all the genera of agarics found in the United States. This has been
accomplished except in a few cases of the more unimportant ones. There
have been added, also, illustrative genera and species of all the other
orders of the higher fungi, in which are included many of the edible
forms.

The photographs have been made with great care after considerable
experience in determining the best means for reproducing individual,
specific, and generic characters, so important and difficult to preserve
in these plants, and so impossible in many cases to accurately portray
by former methods of illustration.

One is often asked the question: "How do you tell the mushrooms from the
toadstools?" This implies that mushrooms are edible and that toadstools
are poisonous, and this belief is very widespread in the public mind.
The fact is that many of the toadstools are edible, the common belief
that all of them are poisonous being due to unfamiliarity with the
plants or their characteristics.

Some apply the term mushroom to a single species, the one in
cultivation, and which grows also in fields (Agaricus campestris), and
call all others toadstools. It is becoming customary with some students
to apply the term mushroom to the entire gr

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