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"German Composition: A Theoretical and Practical Guide to the Art of Translating English Prose into German" by Hermann Lange is a language-instruction manual written in the late 19th century. It teaches students to render English prose into clear, idiomatic German through a blend of concise grammar rules, guided practice, and carefully chosen texts. Aimed at classroom learners and exam candidates, it emphasizes method, accuracy, and style over word-for-word translation. The opening of the manual sets out its purpose, audience, and method in two prefaces, highlighting careful text selection, analytic translation, and extensive notes, along with a synopsis of the then-new German spelling reforms. It then gives explicit directions for use (viva voce preparation with notes, written translation, correction, and a second fluent oral rendering without notes), a lesson plan, and a list of abbreviations. The instructional content begins with brief rules on notation and core grammar points, fol

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It seems to me, that[1] when the animalcules, which form the corals at
the bottom[2] of the ocean, cease to live, their[3] structures adhere to
each other, by virtue either of the glutinous remains within, or of some
property in salt-water. The interstices being[4] gradually filled up with
sand and[5] broken pieces of coral washed by the sea, which also adhere,
a mass of rock is at length formed. Future[6] races of these animalcules
erect their habitations upon the rising[7] bank, and[8] die, in their
turn to elevate this monument of their wonderful labours.

[1] ‘that when the animalcules ... cease to live’. This clause may be
briefly rendered by saying: ‘that after the death (+Absterben+, n.) of
the animalcules’. To translate the last noun, form a diminutive of +Tier+.

[2] +Meeresboden+, m.

[3] ‘their — salt-water’. Use the following order of words for rendering
this passage: ‘their little houses (dim. of +Haus+) either through the in
them contained glutinous remains (+Überreste+) or through some (+irgend
eine+) property of the salt-water held together are (Pres. of the Passive
Voice)’.

[4] When the =Present Participle= is used to denote a =logical cause=
from which we may draw an inference, it must, by the help of the
conjunction ‘+=da=+’, be changed into a finite verb, i.e. one with a
personal termination, thus:—

The interstices being gradually filled up with sand, a mass
of rock is at length formed.

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